Corrigendum to "Multiband rabi antenna using nest microstrip add-drop filter (NMADF) for relativistic sensing applications" [Heliyon 9(2) (February 2023) e13611].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13611.].

Multiband Rabi antenna using nest microstrip add-drop filter (NMADF) for relativistic sensing applications.

A microstrip circuit is designed, constructed, and tested based on the nest microstrip add-drop filters (NMADF). The multi-level system oscillation is generated by the wave-particle behaviors of AC driven along the microstrip ring circular path. The continuous successive filtering is applied via the device input port. The higher-order harmonic oscillations can be filtered, from which the two-level system known as a Rabi oscillation is achieved. The outside microstrip ring energy is coupled to the inside rings, from which the multiband Rabi oscillations can be formed within the inner rings. The resonant Rabi frequencies can be applied for multi-sensing probes. The relationship between electron density and Rabi oscillation frequency of each microstrip ring output can be obtained and used for multi-sensing probe applications. The relativistic sensing probe can be obtained by the warp speed electron distribution at the resonant Rabi frequency respecting the resonant ring radii. These are available for relativistic sensing probe usage. The obtained experimental results have shown that there are 3-center Rabi frequencies obtained, which can be used for 3-sensing probes simultaneously. The sensing probe speeds of 1.1c, 1.4c, and 1.5c are obtained using the microstrip ring radii of 14.20, 20.12, and 34.49 mm, respectively. The best sensor sensitivity of 1.30 ms is achieved. The relativistic sensing platform can be used for many applications.

An Echocardiographic Study of the Right Ventricular Diastolic Function in Systemic Hypertension and Its Relation with the Left Ventricular Homologous Changes.

Diastolic dysfunction is a major predictor of mortality and morbidity in hypertensive patients. Not only LV, the RV is also expected to be affected in this overall procedure. To observe the Echocardiographic changes of diastolic function of the RV in systemic HTN and their relation with similar parameters of the LV was the objective. TDI was used in association with standard Doppler modality. In this cross-sectional study, 50 hypertensive subjects were studied who were devoid of any other conditions that may influence the diastolic function of the RV from 01 May 2012 to 31 October 2012 at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. In addition to 2D and M-mode evaluation, standard Doppler and pulsed tissue Doppler assessment of both ventricles were performed. Measurements were obtained for diastolic as well as systolic function of both ventricles. The RV diastolic parameters were impaired in both standard Doppler and tissue Doppler analysis in association with LV parameters. Systolic functions (LV FS and RV TAPSE) were preserved. Doppler-derived tricuspid peak E and E/A were related negatively to septal thickness, but tissue Doppler-derived RV Em/Am showed negative association with both RVAWT and septal thickness. RV RTm was related positively to RVAWT. The RV diastolic parameters showed positive relation with the LV similar parameters both in standard Doppler (E peak velocity, E/A ratio and EDT) and tissue Doppler (Em peak velocity, Em/Am and PCTm) assessment. So, in systemic HTN, LV diastolic dysfunction is also associated with diastolic disturbances of the RV. Pulsed tissue Doppler is a useful tool to detect the changes. RV diastolic parameters correlate well with those of the LV. Prolongation of the active relaxation (RTm) phase of RV is due to its increased wall thickness.

Enhanced photocatalytic dye degradation and hydrogen production ability of Bi25FeO40-rGO nanocomposite and mechanism insight.

A comprehensive comparison between BiFeO3-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite and Bi25FeO40-rGO nanocomposite has been performed to investigate their photocatalytic abilities in degradation of Rhodamine B dye and generation of hydrogen by water-splitting. The hydrothermal technique adapted for synthesis of the nanocomposites provides a versatile temperature-controlled phase selection between perovskite BiFeO3 and sillenite Bi25FeO40. Both perovskite and sillenite structured nanocomposites are stable and exhibit considerably higher photocatalytic ability over pure BiFeO3 nanoparticles and commercially available Degussa P25 titania. Notably, Bi25FeO40-rGO nanocomposite has demonstrated superior photocatalytic ability and stability under visible light irradiation than that of BiFeO3-rGO nanocomposite. The possible mechanism behind the superior photocatalytic performance of Bi25FeO40-rGO nanocomposite has been critically discussed.

Bites by the Monocled Cobra, Naja kaouthia, in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh: Epidemiology, Clinical Features of Envenoming and Management of 70 Identified Cases.

AbstractWe describe 70 cases of monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) bite admitted to Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. The biting snakes were identified by examining the dead snake and/or detecting N. kaouthia venom antigens in patients' serum. Bites were most common in the early morning and evening during the monsoon (May-July). Ligatures were routinely applied to the bitten limb before admission. Thirty-seven patients consulted traditional healers, most of whom made incisions around the bite site. Fifty-eight patients experienced severe neurotoxicity and most suffered swelling and pain of the bitten limb. The use of an Indian polyvalent antivenom in patients exhibiting severe neurotoxicity resulted in clinical improvement but most patients experienced moderate-to-severe adverse reactions. Antivenom did not influence local blistering and necrosis appearing in 19 patients; 12 required debridement. Edrophonium significantly improved the ability of patients to open the eyes, endurance of upward gaze, and peak expiratory flow rate suggesting that a longer-acting anticholinesterase drug (neostigmine) could be recommended for first aid. The study suggested that regionally appropriate antivenom should be raised against the venoms of the major envenoming species of Bangladesh and highlighted the need to improve the training of staff of local medical centers and to invest in the basic health infrastructure in rural communities.

Abdominal cystic echinococcosis in Bangladesh: a hospital-based study.

INTRODUCTION: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is reported from nearly all geographic areas of Bangladesh, but little information is available on its epidemiologic and clinical features. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations of hepatic and abdominal CE cases presenting to tertiary referral hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study was conducted via chart reviews of hepatic and abdominal CE patients under care at tertiary referral hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, between 2002 and 2011. Age, sex, education level, occupation, urban versus rural residence, drinking water source, history of dog ownership, cyst type and location, and clinical manifestations were recorded for all patients. RESULTS: Of the 130 patients enrolled, 92 (70.8%) were female and 38 (29.2%) were male. The majority of patients were from rural (76.2%) rather than urban (23.8%) areas. All cases were from the northern part of the country, with no cases reported from the south or southeast. Most patients were between 21 and 40 years of age. A total of 119 patients (91.5%) had cysts only in the liver, with the remaining 8.5% having cysts in both the liver and lungs or in the abdominal cavity. Seventy-six (58.5%) of the hepatic cysts were stage CE1, indicating recent infection. CONCLUSIONS: Active transmission of Echinococcus granulosus appears to be occurring in Bangladesh, as indicated by the high number of CE1 hepatic cysts seen at tertiary care hospitals. Community ultrasound screening studies are warranted to better define the distribution of cases and risk factors for parasite transmission.

Acne vulgarism treatment using ultra-short laser pulse generated by micro- and nano-ring resonator system.

Acne vulgaris is adebilitating dermatologic disease, and is conventionally treated by laser therapy using a microring resonator system. An evolving understanding of laser-tissue interactions involving Propioni bacterium acneproducing porphyrins, and the development of lasers to target the sebaceous glands, has led to the development of an escalating number of laser light for acne treatment. The results show that the full width at half maximum of the proposed laser pulse of 0.15 nm can be generated using a microring resonator system. The power of the laser is 200 W and the wavelength laser is 1,032 nm, which is proposed as a treatment of acne vulgaris diseases.

Ultra-short laser pulse generated by a microring resonator system for cancer cell treatment.

A microring resonator (MRRs) system incorporated with a add/drop filter is proposed in which ultra-short single, multi-temporal, and spatial optical soliton pulses are simulated and used to kill abnormal cells, tumors, and cancer. Chaotic signals are generated by a bright soliton pulse within a nonlinear MRRs system. Gold nanoparticles and ultra-short femtosecond/picosecond laser pulses' interaction holds great interest in laser nanomedicine. By using appropriate soliton input power and MRRs parameters, desired spatial and temporal signals can be generated over the spectrum. Results show that short temporal and spatial solitons pulse with FWHM = 712 fs and FWHM = 17.5 pm could be generated. The add/drop filter system is used to generate the high-capacity, ultra-short soliton pulses in the range of nanometer/second and picometer/second.

Optical manipulation of nano-micro needle array for large volume molecular diagnosis.

Optical vorticesare generated and controlled to form trapping tools in the same way as optical tweezers. By using the intense optical vortices generated within the PANDA ring resonator, the required atoms/molecules can be trapped and moved (transported) dynamically within the wavelength router or network. The advantage of the proposed system is that a transmitter and receiver can be formed within the same system, which is available for atoms/molecules storage and transportation based on methods that have been proposed to deliver drugs into cells for specific diagnosis.

Drug trapping and delivery for Alzheimer's diagnosis.

In this investigation, a new design based on a PANDA ring resonator as an optical trapping tool for tangle protein, molecular motor storage, and delivery is proposed. The optical vortices are generated and the trapping mechanism is controlled in the same way as the conventional optical tweezers. The trapping force is produced by a combination of the gradient field and scattering photons. The required molecular volume is trapped and moved dynamically within the molecular network. The tangle protein and molecular motor can be transported and delivered to the required destinations for Alzheimer's diagnosis by molecular buffer and bus network.

Generation of THz frequency using PANDA ring resonator for THz imaging.

In this study, we have generated terahertz (THz) frequency by a novel design of microring resonators for medical applications. The dense wavelength-division multiplexing can be generated and obtained by using a Gaussian pulse propagating within a modified PANDA ring resonator and an add/drop filter system. Our results show that the THz frequency region can be obtained between 40-50 THz. This area of frequency provides a reliable frequency band for THz pulsed imaging.

Molecular network topology and reliability for multipurpose diagnosis.

This investigation proposes the use of molecular network topology for drug delivery and diagnosis network design. Three modules of molecular network topologies, such as bus, star, and ring networks, are designed and manipulated based on a micro- and nanoring resonator system. The transportation of the trapping molecules by light in the network is described and the theoretical background is reviewed. The quality of the network is analyzed and calculated in terms of signal transmission (ie, signal to noise ratio and crosstalk effects). Results obtained show that a bus network has advantages over star and ring networks, where the use of mesh networks is possible. In application, a thin film network can be fabricated in the form of a waveguide and embedded in artificial bone, which can be connected to the required drug targets. The particular drug/nutrient can be transported to the required targets via the particular network used.

Multi-access drug delivery network and stability.

A novel design of a multi-drug delivery network and diagnosis using a molecular network is proposed. By using a pair of tweezers to generate the intense optical vortices within the PANDA ring resonator, the required molecules (drug volumes) can be trapped and moved dynamically within the molecular bus networks, in which the required drug delivery targets can be achieved within the network. The advantage of the proposed system is that the diagnostic method can be used within a tiny system (thin film device or circuit), which is available as an embedded device for diagnostic use in patients. In practice, the large molecular networks such as ring, star, and bus networks can be integrated to form a large drug delivery system. The channel spacing of the trapped volumes (molecules) within the bus molecular networks can be provided by using the appropriate free spectrum range, which is analyzed and discussed in the terms of crosstalk effects. In this work, crosstalk effects of about 0.1% are noted, which can be neglected and does not affect the network stability.

Molecular diagnosis using multi drug delivery network and stability.

By using a pair of tweezers to generate the intense optical vortices within the PANDA ring resonator, the required molecules (drug volumes) can be trapped and moved dynamically within the molecular bus networks, in which the required diagnosis or drug delivery targets can be performed within the network. The advantage of the proposed system is that the proposed diagnostic method can perform within the tiny system (thin film device or circuit), which can be available for a human embedded device for diagnostic use. The channel spacing of the trapped volumes (molecules) within the bus molecular networks can be provided.

Proposal for Alzheimer's diagnosis using molecular buffer and bus network.

A novel design of an optical trapping tool for tangle protein (tau tangles, ß-amyloid plaques) and molecular motor storage and delivery using a PANDA ring resonator is proposed. The optical vortices can be generated and controlled to form the trapping tools in the same way as the optical tweezers. In theory, the trapping force is formed by the combination between the gradient field and scattering photons, and is reviewed. By using the intense optical vortices generated within the PANDA ring resonator, the required molecular volumes can be trapped and moved dynamically within the molecular buffer and bus network. The tangle protein and molecular motor can transport and connect to the required destinations, enabling availability for Alzheimer's diagnosis.

Blood cleaner on-chip design for artificial human kidney manipulation.

A novel design of a blood cleaner on-chip using an optical waveguide known as a PANDA ring resonator is proposed. By controlling some suitable parameters, the optical vortices (gradient optical fields/wells) can be generated and used to form the trapping tools in the same way as optical tweezers. In operation, the trapping force is formed by the combination between the gradient field and scattering photons by using the intense optical vortices generated within the PANDA ring resonator. This can be used for blood waste trapping and moves dynamically within the blood cleaner on-chip system (artificial kidney), and is performed within the wavelength routers. Finally, the blood quality test is exploited by the external probe before sending to the destination. The advantage of the proposed kidney on-chip system is that the unwanted substances can be trapped and filtered from the artificial kidney, which can be available for blood cleaning applications.

Molecular buffer using a PANDA ring resonator for drug delivery use.

A novel design of molecular buffer for molecule storage and delivery using a PANDA ring resonator is proposed. The optical vortices can be generated and controlled to form the trapping tools in the same way as the optical tweezers. In theory, the trapping force is formed by the combination between the gradient field and scattering photons, which is reviewed. By using the intense optical vortices generated within the PANDA ring resonator, the required molecules can be trapped and moved (transported) dynamically within the wavelength router or network, ie, a molecular buffer. This can be performed within the wavelength router before reaching the required destination. The advantage of the proposed system is that a transmitter and receiver can be formed within the same system, which is available for molecule storage and transportation.

Pregnancy causing gallstone disease.

A cross sectional study was done on patient, who were diagnosed and admitted with gallstone disease in different hospitals during June 1997 to June 2001. The aim of the study was to determine any significant association between pregnancy and cholilithiasis in female. A standard written questionnaire, which is duly filled by, concerned doctor and examination done. Records were made about age at marriage, first pregnancy after marriage and number of pregnancies. Incidence of gallstone shows that in 21-30 years age group 05 (1.37%) patient having no pregnancy, 35 (9.62%) patient having one pregnancy, 26 (7.14%) patient having two pregnancies, 22 (6.04%) having three pregnancy and 12 (3.30%) patient having four and more pregnancies. In 31-40 years age group 02 (0.55%) having no pregnancy, 05 (1.37%) patients having one pregnancy, 22 (6.04%) patient having two pregnancies, 30 (8.24%) patients having three pregnancies and 46 (12.64%) patients having four and more pregnancies. In 41-50 years age group 3 (0.82%) patients are having no pregnancy, 2 (0.55%) patient having one pregnancy, 16 (4.40%) patient having two pregnancies, 16 (4.40%) patient having three pregnancies and 47 (12.91%) patient having four and more pregnancies. In 51-60 years age group, 02 (0.55%) patient having one pregnancy, 04 (1.10%) patients having two pregnancy, 09 (2.47%) patient having three pregnancies, 52 (14.29%) patient four and more pregnancies. The numbers of pregnancy is associated with gall stone diseases. The risk of developing gall stone disease increases in association with increased number of parity, particularly among the younger women.

Oral contraceptives in gall stone diseases.

A cross sectional study was under taken to evaluate the prevalence of gallstone in fertile women who are taking oral contraceptives. The aim of study was to determine any significant association between oral contractive use and Cholelithiasis. Total number of patient was 340. A standard written questioner, which is dully filled by concerned doctor and examination done. History of use of oral contraceptive pills, duration of use and time of taking oral contraceptives drugs whether before, in between pregnancy or after family completion is recorded. Total number of patient was 340 of them 186 patient taken contraceptives and 154 patients without contraceptives. Incidence of gallstone shows that with contraceptives the 21-30 years age group 72(39.13%) without contraceptives 22(14.28%), in 31-40 years age group with contraceptives 74 (40%), without contraceptives 28(18.8%) where as in 41-50 years age group with contraceptives 37(20.10%) and without contraceptives 44(28.57%), 51 years and above age group with contraceptives is 01(0.54%) and without contraceptives is 60(38.96%). Significantly higher incidence of gallstones found in younger patient taking oral contraceptives than without contraceptives, but in older age group incidence is more in-patients without contraceptives than with contraceptives. Oral contraceptives increase the incidence of gallstones disease in younger women especially in early part of their use of oral contraceptives.

A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of alternative treatment regimens for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in a multidrug-resistant falciparum area of Bangladesh--narrowing the options for the National Malaria Control Programme?

We performed an open, randomized chemotherapy trial comparing the recommended first-, second- and third-line drug regimens, as well as mefloquine, for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Bangladesh in 1996-97. The regimens were chloroquine for 3 days (CQ, Group I), quinine sulphate for 3 days followed by single-dose sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (Q3 + SP, Group II), quinine for 7 days (Q7, Group III), and mefloquine 20 mg/kg single dose (MEF, Group IV). Subjects were symptomatic patients, aged > or = 12 years, with parasite density 500-250,000/mm3 and no history of taking antimalarials during the previous week. Drug administration was supervised and subjects were followed clinically and with blood slides in the hospital for 8 days, then as outpatients on days 14, 21 and 28. A total of 413 subjects (149, 145, 49 and 70 in Groups I-IV, respectively) completed the study. Early treatment failures (persistent or worsening clinical manifestations by day 3 confirmed with parasitological examinations) occurred only in the chloroquine group. RII and RIII parasitological failures occurred in 56%, 12%, 8% and 14% in Group I-IV, respectively. There were significantly more clinical and parasitological failures with chloroquine than with Q3 + SP, which we now recommend as a better (but far from ideal) choice for first-line therapy. The alternative compounds show parasitogical evidence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance. Further studies are needed to determine the optimum treatment for malaria in Bangladesh.